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目的了解西湖区2005-2011年学校、幼托机构呼吸道传染病疫情的流行病学特征,为加强学校呼吸道传染病防治提供科学依据。方法收集整理杭州市西湖区2005-2011年学校和幼托机构呼吸道传染病疫情相关资料,应用描述性分析以及相关性统计推断进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2005-2011年西湖区发生学校和幼托机构呼吸道传染病疫情202起,占全区呼吸道传染病疫情的94.39%,报告发病6 080例,无死亡病例;病种以流感、水痘和流行性腮腺炎为主,各年份间传染病疫情起数分布不同(χ2=147.52,P=0.000),以2009年最多;呼吸道传染病疫情发病高峰主要在11月,不同年份病种分布不同(χ2=149.50,P=0.000);疫情涉及94所大中小学校和9所幼儿园,以小学最多,占47.52%;不同教育机构病种分布不同(χ2=42.81,P=0.000)。结论学校尤其小学是呼吸道传染病疫情的高发场所,应建立健全学校传染病监测与报告制度,在秋季开学初采取针对性的健康宣教和预防接种工作,做到早期预防、及时发现和快速处理。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions in West Lake District from 2005 to 2011 and provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases in schools. Methods The data of epidemic situation of respiratory infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions from 2005 to 2011 in Xihu District of Hangzhou were collected and analyzed by using descriptive analysis and statistical inference of epidemiological characteristics. Results In 2005-2011, there were 202 cases of respiratory infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions in West Lake District, accounting for 94.39% of the total cases of respiratory tract infectious diseases in the region, with a reported incidence of 6 080 cases and no deaths. The prevalence of influenza, chickenpox and epidemic (Χ2 = 147.52, P = 0.000), with the highest in 2009; the peak of respiratory infectious disease outbreak was mainly in November, and the distribution of disease in different years was different (χ2 = 149.50, P = 0.000). The epidemic situation involved 94 primary and secondary schools and 9 kindergartens, accounting for 47.52% of the total primary schools. The distribution of the diseases in different educational institutions was different (χ2 = 42.81, P = 0.000). Conclusions The school, especially the primary school, is a high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases. A monitoring and reporting system for school infectious diseases should be established to take targeted health education and vaccination efforts at the beginning of autumn so that early prevention, prompt detection and prompt treatment can be achieved.