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本文第一、二部分对时下流行的两种历史认识论:客观反映论和主观创造论进行了分析批判,从理论上和事实上肯定了历史研究中存在着时代特色、史家个性与客观历史对历史学家的制约两个方面,但把其中任何一个方面推向极端,其结果只能是从肯定自己出发,走向否定自己,反证对方。第三部分作者吸取现代信息论和结构主义理论,提出了史料信息中介概念,进而把历史研究过程解释为历史学家与客观历史遗过史料信息中介连续不断地双向互逆重构过程,并指出历史研究所能达到和所应达到的目的乃是追求更合理的解释。第四部分作者就历史认识有效性的评价提出了四条标准,并呼吁广大史学工作者对史学评论学给以足够的重视。
The first part and the second part analyze and criticize two popular epistemologies of history: objective theory of reflection and subjective theory of creation, and theoretically and in fact affirm the existence of the characteristics of the times, the individuality of the historians and the objective history, The family restrains two aspects, but pushing any one of them to extremes can only result from affirming oneself and toward negating oneself and opposing each other. In the third part, the author draws on modern information theory and structuralism theory and puts forward the concept of historical information intermediary, and then interprets the historical research process as the continuous two-way reciprocal reconstruction process between historians and objective historical information intermediaries, pointing out that history What the Institute can achieve and what it should accomplish is to pursue a more reasonable explanation. In the fourth part, the author puts forward four criteria for the evaluation of the validity of history cognition and urges the majority of historians to pay enough attention to the historiography criticism.