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目的了解广东省惠州市某县2009—2015年居民死亡水平及死因谱特点,为政府制定疾病预防控制和卫生决策提供依据。方法收集2009—2015年7年间惠州市某县的死因监测资料,死因分类按照国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行编码,应用Death Reg和SPSS 16.0软件对该监测点常住居民死亡资料进行统计分析。结果 2009—2015年累计监测人口2 150 063人。报告死亡病例4 203人,其中男性死亡2 646人,女性死亡1 557人;平均粗死亡率为195.48/10万,其中男性报告死亡率为243.62/10万,女性为152.31/10万。2009—2015年各年份全死因男性的死亡率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各年份均为<1岁婴儿和>60岁老年人死亡率较高。前5位的死因依次为心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、伤害,分别占总死亡的38.7%、24.2%、14.2%、3.6%、3.2%,前5位死因合计占总死亡的83.9%。<1岁婴儿死亡原因主要为围生期疾病、先天异常和损伤中毒,1~14岁儿童主要死因为恶性肿瘤、伤害和消化道疾病,15~45岁成年人恶性肿瘤排在死因第1位,60岁以上老年人主要死因为心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病。结论慢性非传染性疾病是危害该县监测点居民健康的主要疾病,男性的死亡率高于女性,0~1岁婴幼儿和60岁以上老人是重点关注人群。
Objective To understand the residents’ death level and the causes of death from 2009 to 2015 in a county in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, and provide evidences for the government to formulate disease prevention and control and health decision-making. Methods The cause of death data of a county in Huizhou from 2009 to 2015 were collected. The causes of death were collected according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Death Registers were analyzed by Death Reg and SPSS 16.0 software. . Results The total number of monitored population in 2009-2015 is 2 150 063. There were 4,203 deaths reported, of whom 2,646 were male and 1,557 were female; the average crude death rate was 195.48 / 100,000, of which 243.62 / 100,000 were reported for males and 152.31 / females for females. Mortality rates of males in all death years in 2009-2015 were higher than those in females, with a significant difference (P <0.01). Mortality rates were <1 year old infants and> 60 year olds in all years. The top five causes of death were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases and injuries, accounting for 38.7%, 24.2%, 14.2%, 3.6% and 3.2% of the total respectively 83.9% of the total deaths. Causes of death in <1-year-old infants are mainly perinatal diseases, congenital anomalies and injuries. Malignancies, injuries and gastrointestinal diseases are the major causes of death in children aged 1 to 14 years. Malignant tumors in adults aged 15-45 rank first in the cause of death The main causes of death in the elderly over the age of 60 are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors and respiratory diseases. Conclusions Chronic non-communicable diseases are the major diseases that endanger the health of residents in the monitoring points in this county. The mortality rate of males is higher than that of females. The 0-1 year-old infants and 60-year-olds and above are the focus groups.