中国农村劳动力数量众多,自改革开放20多年来,农民工分布在中国国民经济各个行业,在加工制造业、建筑业、采掘业及环卫、家政、餐饮等服务行业中已占从业人员半数以上。农民工问题事关中国经济和社会发展全局。农民外出务工,为城市创造了财富,为农村增加了收入,为城乡发展注入了活力,成为工业带动农业、城市带动农村、发达地区带动落后地区的有效形式,同时促进了市场导向、自主择业、竞争就业机制的形成,为改变城乡二元结构、解决“三农”问题闯出了一条新路。返乡创业的农民工,带回资金、技术和市场经济观念,直接促进社会主义新农村建设。近年来,中国政府高度重视农民工问题,制定了一系列保障农民工权益和改善农民工就业环境的政策措施,各地区、各部门做了大量工作,取得了明显成效。但农民工面临的问题仍十分突出,主要是工资偏低、被拖欠现象严重;劳动时间长,安全条件差;缺乏社会保障,职业病和工伤事故多;培训就业、子女上学、生活居住等方面也存在诸多困难。中国政府站在建设中国特色社会主义事业的全局和战略高度,已充分认识到解决好农民工问题的重要性、紧迫性和长期性,并已开始加大解决这些问题的力度。 Since the reform and opening up for more than 20 years, migrant workers have been distributed in various industries in the national economy of China and have accounted for more than half of the employed people in the service industries of manufacturing, construction, extractive industries, sanitation, housekeeping and catering. The problem of migrant workers is related to the overall situation of China’s economic and social development. Farmers migrant workers have created wealth for the cities, increased income for the rural areas and infused vitality into urban and rural development. They have become an effective form of industrial-led agriculture, cities driving rural areas and developed areas to drive backward areas, promoted market-oriented and independent employment, The formation of competitive employment mechanism has opened up a new road to changing the dual structure of urban and rural areas and solving the “three rural issues.” Migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship bring back the concepts of capital, technology and market economy and directly promote the building of a new socialist countryside. In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the issue of migrant workers and formulated a series of policies and measures to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers and improve the employment environment for migrant workers. All localities and departments have done a great deal of work and achieved remarkable results. However, the problems faced by migrant workers are still outstanding. The problems are mainly low wages, serious defaults, long working hours, poor safety conditions, lack of social security, occupational diseases and occupational accidents, training and employment, children’s schooling and living and living There are many difficulties. The Chinese government, standing in the overall situation and the strategic height of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, has fully realized the importance, urgency and long-term nature of solving the problem of migrant workers and has begun to step up its efforts to solve these problems.