有效课堂中问题的设计应该遵循“简单、根本、开放”的三个原则。简单——课堂问题的设计要从学生的认知结构出发,提出的问题要让学生有一种似曾相识的感觉,使学生能感觉到亲切感。这样,学生在解决新问题时头脑中才会有起固定作用的概念,能高效地对新知识进行同化、顺化或平衡。根本——要求能从课程标准、学科指导意见、考纲等要求出发,创造性地用好教材,根据课时目标的达成设计本节课的核心问题。开放——问题要有挑战性,能激发思维的矛盾,促使 The design of effective classroom problems should follow the three principles of “simple, fundamental and open”. Simple - The design of classroom problems should start from the cognitive structure of students. The questions raised should give students a sense of deja vu and make students feel intimacy. In this way, students will have a fixed role in their minds when solving new problems and can efficiently assimilate, standardize or balance new knowledge. Fundamentals - requirements from the curriculum standards, subject guidance, test syllabus and other requirements, creative use of textbooks, according to the objectives of the lesson designed to achieve the core issues of this lesson. Open - the problem should be challenging, can stimulate the contradictions of thinking, prompting