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【历史回顾】 Ignaz Semmelweis(1818～1865)是感染控制之父,他在维也纳所作的观察,在病菌理论产生之前,为医院流行病学奠定了基础。他收集了两个产科病房的死亡率资料,一个病房(Ⅰ)里的产妇,完全是由产科医师和医学生处理的,死亡率在8%以上,另一病房(Ⅱ)则由助产士处置,死亡率2%。追溯其死亡于产褥脓毒症的病原是 A 族β溶血性链球菌,化脓性葡球菌.对此 Semmelweis 作了两项非常重要的观察:(1)当医学生们休假时,Ⅰ病房里的死亡率较低,(2)而当医学生们上班时,Ⅰ病房虽就能嗅到尸检室里的气味。加之他的一位同事、病理学家 Kolletsc-
Historical Review Ignaz Semmelweis (1818 ~ 1865) is the father of infection control, his observations made in Vienna, before the theory of germs, laid the foundation for the hospital epidemiology. He collected data on the death rates of two maternity wards. Maternity in one ward (I) was completely treated by obstetricians and medical students with a mortality rate of over 8% and another ward (II) was treated by a midwife. Death rate 2%. Tracing back to death the cause of puerperal sepsis is group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. pyogenes. To this Semmelweis made two very important observations: (1) when the medical students were on leave, in the ward (2) And when the medical students work, Ⅰ ward can smell the odor in the autopsy room. Coupled with one of his colleagues, the pathologist Kolletsc-