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抽水蓄能机组运行在低水头空载工况易进入“S”特性区域,进而引起机组频率大范围波动和运行不稳定。针对传统比例—积分—微分(PID)控制在低水头空载工况下不能较好地调节抽水蓄能机组频率波动的不足,基于全特性曲线对数曲线投影变换的水泵水轮机数学模型,提出了适用于抽水蓄能机组低水头空载工况运行的分数阶PID(FOPID)调节系统模型,并运用粒子群优化算法优化FOPID控制参数,重点讨论了FOPID控制在低水头空载开机和空载频率扰动时的应用。仿真分析表明:相较于传统PID控制,FOPID控制使得低水头空载运行时机组频率和导叶开度的过渡过程有了明显的改进,提高了抽水蓄能机组调节系统的速动性与稳定性。
Pumped storage units running at low head and no-load conditions easily enter the “S” characteristic area, which in turn causes a wide range of unit frequency fluctuations and unstable operation. Aiming at the shortcomings that the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control can not regulate the frequency fluctuation of pumped storage unit well under low head and no-load condition, a mathematical model of pump-turbine based on logarithmic curve projection of full- Which is suitable for fractional PID (FOPID) regulation system model of pumped storage unit with low head and no-load operating conditions. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the FOPID control parameters. FOPID control is mainly discussed at low head and no-load Application of disturbances. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional PID control, the FOPID control can significantly improve the transient process of the unit frequency and the guide vane opening during low-head no-load operation, and improve the quickness and stability of the control system of the pumped storage unit Sex.