1920年发端于湖南的联省自治思潮,是“五四”后期中国先进的知识分子尤其是资产阶级联省自治派关于国家结构形式的不同寻常的建构,也是“西学东渐”过程中知识分子学习西方的“联邦制”寻求救国救民道路的重要组成部分.本文在对“联省自治运动”总体的把握上探讨了它对当时的社会政治思潮以及近代民主政治的影响. The trend of self-government of the Union Province originated in Hunan Province in 1920 was the unusual construction of the state structure form by advanced Chinese intellectuals, especially the bourgeois-provincial autonomy in the late May Fourth Movement, In the process, the intellectuals study western “federalism” to find an important part of the road to save the country and save the country.Based on the general grasp of “the autonomous movement in the federation,” this article explores the social and political thoughts of the time and the modern democratic politics Impact.