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以苎麻属植物种子为材料,分别应用光镜和扫描电镜及GC-MS联用仪,对其微结构、出油率、油脂肪酸组成与含量、油脂理化特性等进行研究,探讨了苎麻属植物种子的微结构和油脂的功能特性,为苎麻进一步开发和利用提供科学依据。结果表明,苎麻属植物种子外形多样且种子表面纹饰以网状纹和线状纹为主;千粒重、粒长和粒宽分别在0.034~0.049 g、0.455~0.694 mm和0.250~0.322 mm之间;在以石油醚为萃取溶剂、80℃水浴和12h萃取时间的最佳条件下,种子出油率为13.45%~28.19%,属于高含油量种子,但不同基因型种子的出油率差异较大,野生种的平均出油率要高于栽培种的;种子油脂肪酸以棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸总量达87.82%~93.69%。种子出油率与千粒重和粒长之间为极显著的正相关,与粒宽之间为显著的正相关。
Using ramie seeds as materials, the microstructure, oil yield, oil fatty acid composition and content, oil physical and chemical properties were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and GC-MS, respectively. The effects of ramie The microstructure of seeds and the functional properties of oil provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of ramie. The results showed that the seeds of ramie were diverse in shape and their surface ornamentation was dominated by reticulate lines and linear lines. The grain weight, grain length and grain width ranged from 0.034 to 0.049 g, from 0.455 to 0.694 mm and from 0.250 to 0.322 mm, respectively. Under petroleum ether extraction conditions, 80 ℃ water bath and 12h extraction time, the seed oil yield was 13.45% -28.19%, which belonged to high oil content seeds, but the oil yield of different genotypes was significantly different , While the average oil yield of wild species was higher than that of cultivated species. The main fatty acids of seed oil were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids reached 87.82% -93.69%. There was a significant positive correlation between seed oil yield and grain weight and grain length, and a significant positive correlation with grain width.