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一、问题的提出矿井绞车是井筒提升煤、矸石、下放材料、升降人员和设备的大型机械设备,该设备是否安全运转将直接影响煤炭生产和人身安全。绞车事故的产生除因操作不当、设计、安装、材料等带来的隐患外,大部分恶性事故是由于绞车主要部件长期使用,高速运转,在交变应力作用下产生的疲劳裂纹造成的。尤其是绞车大轴担负着整台绞车主要载荷以及非大轴事故造成的载荷和大轴本身材质强度和刚度变化,产生疲劳裂纹的机会较多,其裂纹为表面横向裂纹,这种裂纹延伸速度较快,如不及时发现处理将会造成不堪设想的断轴事故。绞车大轴的一般探伤方法是在轴上没有任何部件、大轴表面全部裸露的情况下采用磁粉探伤检验,而使用中的绞车大轴由于受组装在轴上的结构件复盖,不能采用磁粉探伤方法检验。但这些部件所在轴上的部位正是应力集中、易产生表面横向疲劳裂纹的区
First, the issue raised mine winch is a large wellhead to enhance coal, waste, decentralized materials, lifting personnel and equipment, large-scale machinery and equipment, the safe operation of the equipment will have a direct impact on coal production and personal safety. Except for the hidden dangers caused by improper operation, design, installation and materials, most of the accidents are caused by long-term use and high-speed operation of the main components of the winch under fatigue caused by alternating stress. In particular, the major axis of the winch is responsible for the main load of the entire winch as well as the load caused by the non-major axle accident and the change of material strength and rigidity of the main axle itself, resulting in more opportunities for fatigue cracks. The crack is a transverse crack on the surface, Faster, if not found in time to deal with disastrous broken shaft accident. The general inspection method of the winch axle is that there is no component on the axle, the magnetic particle inspection test is adopted under the condition that the big axle surface is completely exposed, and the big axle of the winch in use can not adopt the magnetic powder because it is covered by the structural parts assembled on the axle Inspection methods testing. However, these parts of the shaft where the site is stress concentration, easy to produce surface transverse fatigue crack zone