One of the largest in the recent history of global environmental disasters experienced by Central Asian countries is the tragedy of the Aral Sea,which in its environmental,climatic,socio-economic and humanitarian consequences posed a direct threat to the region’s sustainable development,population’s health,gene pool and future generation.Moreover,its negative impacts could influence many other countries indirectly.The Aral catastrophe is convincing proof of the mutual influence of environmental problems and strategic security.The thesis reveals the environmental problems that have arisen as a result of the drying out of the Aral Sea,and measures to prevent this global environmental tragedy,undertaken by the leadership of Uzbekistan.The problem can be referred as a clear example of tragedy of commons theory.Hence,main ways to solve the problem are to improve regional cooperation with neighbouring countries,implementing adaptive management of water resources,and expand international cooperation.Moreover,it is intended to propose appropriate implications and valuable suggestions in water resource management which might be useful for other regions facing similar problems nowadays.Having appropriate institutional mechanisms and applying the principles of integrated water resources management are essential elements of transboundary cooperation on adaptation to climate change.