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本文运用事实——价值二元论的方法,以合同法作为裁判规则为前提,从合同的定义入手,认为合同的本质是合意加债,合同的成立是一事实判断问题,判断结论只能是成立或不成立二种。判断的标准是意思表示是否一致,即合意是否达成。合同的要式与要物,在罗马法中是为了在合意之上附加上债,以成立一个契约。而在现代民法中,合同自由原则已将债在合意达成时即附加上合意,债已不需要通过要式与要物附加上合意以成立合同。此时,要物行为是在合同成立且生效后的履行行为;要式也只是作为意思表示的证据。达成合意的方式除要约承诺方式外,尚有交错要约、意思实现、多数决方式和其他方式。合同的效力可分为合同的生效和合同的法律效力。合同的生效即合同发生拘束力。合同的生效也是一事实判断问题,对此只能有生效或不生效二种结论。合同拘束力有形式拘束力与实质拘束力二种。一般而言,合同一旦成立,即发生形式拘束力和实质拘束力。但如果合同附条件或附期限,则合同的形式拘束力和实质拘束力发生分离。此时,只有当所附生效条件成就或所附生效期限届满,合同才发生实质拘束力。合同一旦发生实质拘束力,合同进入履行阶段。合同当事人的合法权利可通过法律途径,借助国家公权力来加以维护。因为,合同一旦成立,合同即推定有效。此乃合同的有效推定,是认识合同效力之关键。在合同的生效中,本文还检讨了合同法第八条和第四十四条中“依法”二字和对合同的批准、登记的规定。合同的法律效力作为合同的另一种效力,是指有权机关对合同进行的法律评价,是在对合同成立、生效的事实判断的基础上进行的更高层次的价值判断。对此,只能有有效或无效二种判断结论,即二种效力类型,不可能有效力待定、可变更可撤销的效力类型。而要认识到这一点,需要借助于合同的有效推定,并将实体法和程序法有机结合。其中,有效即是对合同有效推定的肯定,无效即是对合同有效推定的否定。关键词:二元论合同成立效力有效推定Estab 1 1 shment、b 1 nd 1 ng effeet and 1 ega 1 effeet of eontraetJudieial MasterPostgraduate:zhang j in hongTutor:Li Ping犷Abstraet:Adopting a method of dualism of faet and evaluation,oneondition that the eivil law 15 thejudging rule,and starting with thedefinition of contraet,the author of this artiele thinks that theessenee of eontraet 15 meeting of minds added with debts .Theestablishment of a eontract 15 a matter of faetual judgment,with thejudging eriterion of,’ meeting of minds”.To establish a contraet,inRoman law,a form agreed with two Parties or goods tendering was neededsome times.Their PurPoses were to add debts on the meeting of minds.But in modern eivil law,the PrineiPle that the Parties should be giventhe maximum latitude in establishing a eontraet adds the debts on theagreement atonee when the Parties eome toa“meeting of the minds”and makes these unneeessary.Now,the tendering of goods 15 exeeutionof a eontraet while a form agreed with two parties 15 just a proof ofmeeting of minds.Apart from offer and promise,to form an agreement,there are some other ways sueh as eross offer,minds aeeomPlishment,overhalf of number manner and or 50.There are two kinds of effeets of eontract.The first 15 the eontraet’5 binding effeets that mean that the eontracthas binding foree over the eontraetual parties:the seeond 15 eontraet’s