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Aim The aim of this investigation was to evaluate gender differences in development of renovascular hypertension.Methods The experiments were performed with 10weekold SpragueDawley rats which were prepared by the narrow side of the renal artery to development renovascular hypertension (2K1C).After 32 weeks of regular feeding, rats were instrumented to determine blood pressure in anesthesia state.The blood was collecting for determination of AngⅡand ET1 by using ELISA kit.The thoracic aorta were isolated and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen.Applications Western Blot method to detect tissue protein expression of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE1, ACE2),and AngⅡreceptor(AT1R, AT2R).Results SBP and DBP were higher in 2K1Cfemales than in 2K1Cmales 〔SBP:(172 ± 19.2) vs (157 ± 16.4) mmHg, P <0.01.DBP: 138 ± 15.4 vs 128 ± 15.5, P <0.05, n =20〕.Plasma Angl were higher in 2K1Cmales 〔 (11.2 ±2.87) vs (9.60 ± 3.51) ng · L1, p <0.05〕, and ET1 were higher in 2K1Cfemales (38.77 ± 17.99 vs 33.76 ± 17.50 ng · L1 , P <0.05).In thoracic aorta tissue, the protein levels of ACE1and ACE2 were increased in 2K1 Cfemales (ACE1 : 1.204 ±0.258 vs1.182 ±0.209, ACE2 : 2.431 ±0.214 vs 1.528±0.130, P <0.01), AT1R were increased in 2K1Cmales (0.955 ±0.201 vs 0.841 ± 0.176, P <0.05), AT2R were increased in 2K1Cfemales (2.464 ±0.142 vs 1.431 ±0.062, P <0.01).In kidney tissue, the protein levels of ACE1 were increased in 2K1Cfemales (2.023 ±0.144 vs 1.079 ±0.103, P <0.01), ACE2 were increased in 2K1Cmales (2.496 ±0.314 vs 1.706 ±0.214, P <0.05), AT1R and AT2R were increased in 2K1Cmales (AT1R:0.867±0.092 vs 0.685 ±0.176, P <0.05, AT2R: 1.413 ± 0.233 vs 1.146 ±0.146, P <0.05).In heart tissue, the protein levels of ACE1 were increased in 2K1Cfemales (1.122 ±0.177 vs 0.793 ±0.125, P <0.05), ACE2 were no difference (0.682 ±0.108 vs 0.654 ±0.103), AT1R were increased in 2K1Cfemales (1.478 ±0.235 vs 1.223 ±0.193, P <0.05), AT2R were increased in 2K1Cmales (1.075 ± 0.170 vs 0.924 ± 0.146, P < 0.05).Conclusions The severity of hypertension was greater in 2K1 Cfemales than in 2K1Cmales.It is likely that the effect of females on renovascular hypertension was depending on promoting the role of Ang Ⅱ by increasing the release of ET1,increasing the protein expression levels of ACE1 in thoracic aorta, kidney, and heart tissue, and increasing the protein expression level of AT1 receptors in heart tissue.