The variation of initial fluidity and fluidity retention of cement pastes were tested to evaluate the compatibility between polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC) and cements which was produced by adding different dosages of triethanolamine (TEA) as grinding aid (GA).The cement particle size distribution and mineral composition were measured by Laser Particle Size Analyzer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, respectively.The cement surface characteristic was measured by Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC).The adsorption of PC polymer was measured by Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer.Calorimetric test was used to monitor the development of cement hydration heat.The results show that the cement with a trace amount of TEA has a much lower surface energy and work of cohesion, which can improve the grindability of cement and lead to the volume fraction of fine particle increasing significantly.Meanwhile, the fine cement particle has high content of C3A which plays an important role in early stage of cement hydration.Finally, it is worth noting that the phenomenon of incompatibility between cement and PC will appear once the dosage of TEA is greater than 0.02%.The possible reason may be that the cement produced by adding TEA has a constantly consumption of PC and rapid early cement hydration.