Objective:Matrix Gla protein (MGP),a potent calcification inhibitor in arterial vessels,is also up-regulated expressed in the kidney calcification.We identified polymorphisms of the human MGP gene and investigated whether there is an association with kidney stone in Chinese population.Methods:346 subjects were collected in northeast China.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.We amplified MGP gene by long and accurate PCR,and resequenced human MGP gene including 4 exons and 5,3non-coding region (Untranslated region,UTR) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in 54 subjects,then performed systematic genetic analysis in all subjects.Results:We identified 18 polymorphisms in MGP gene,including four tag SNPs.The G allele carrier had a 1.76-fold decreased kidney stone risk compared with A allele carriers in SNPrs4236 (OR 1.76,95%Cl 1.125-2.745,P=0.012).Conclusions:MGP genetic polymorphism is associated with calcium oxalate kidney stone in northeast China Han population.