Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effi-cacy and feasibility of surgical management of children with thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis with kyphosis by using one-stage posterior focus debridement,interbody gratis,and pos-terior instrumentation and fusion.Methods From October 2010 to September 2013,21 children with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis accompanied by ky-phosis were treated with one-stage posterior decompression,interbody grafts,and posterior instrumentation and fusion.There were 13 males and 8 females,aged from 7 to 13 years old (average age 9.9 years).The mean follow-up was 34 months (range26-48 months).Patients were evaluated be-fore and after surgery in terms of ESR,neurologic status,pain,and kyphotic angle.Results Spinal tuberculosis was completely cured,and the grafted bones were fused in all 21 patients.There was no recurrent tuberculous infection.ESR got normal within 3 months in all patients.The ASIA neurologic classification improved in all cases.Pain relief was obtained in all patients.The average preoperative kyphosis was 29.7° (range 12-42°) and decreased to 5.5° (range 2-10°),postoperatively.There was no significant loss of the correction at the latest follow-up.Conclusions Our results show that one-stage posterior de-compression,interbody grafts,and posterior instrumentation and fusion were an effective treatment for children with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.It is characterized as min-imum surgical trauma,good neurologic recovery,good cor-rection of kyphosis,and prevention of progressive kyphosis.