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Objective:we aim to explore the best type of biopsy for oral malignant melanoma according to a retrospective study of 156 cases in one institution.Method:156 cases of oral malignant melanoma treated in one institution(The Ninth Hospital of Shanghai,Shanghai Jiaotong University)from Jan.2002 to Nov.2011 were presented and analyzed,with an emphasis on biopsy types and survival outcome.Result:the incidence of cervical lymph nodes and distant metastases in the cryogenic biopsy group were 53% and 22%,respectively,while the incisional biopsy group was 74% and 42%,respectively.The 3,5-year OS of the cryogenic biopsy group were 65% and 54%,respectively,much better than the incisional biopsy group,whose 3,5-year OS were 42% and 20%,respectively.The difference was significant(Log-rank=12.570,p <0.01).T-stage(Log-rank=7.203,p <0.01)and cervical lymph nodes(Log-rank=12.955,p <0.01)were another two independent factors for overall survive.Conclusion:oral malignant melanoma is believed to be one of the most aggressive types of neoplasm in the head and neck region,with a high incidence of cervical lymph nodes and distant metastasis.Cryogenic biopsy is a reliable method for the treatment,thought to have a reduction in the incidence of cervical lymph nodes and distant metastasis,which leads to a better prognosis than incisional biopsy.