In recent years, great attention has been paid to the transformation process from lignocellulose to fuel ethanol.Xylose is one of the main hydrolysis products of cellulose, the fermentation of xylose could enhance the utilization efficiency and the yields of fuel ethanol.Therefore, both fermentability and conversion efficiency of xylose are important factors in identifying superior engineering strains and scaling-up production.Usually, xylose must be monitored during the xylose metabolic pathways of superior strains.However, to date, HPLC, the major routine analytical method, experienced the problems such as cost, time-consuming and low sensitivity.Therefore, it is important to establish a real-time monitoring method to detect xylose rapidly, sensitively and selectively.Actually, the development of enzymebased electrochemical biosensor can play crucial role in this area.