Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been identified as a new post-natal stem cell population with multipotential differentiation capabilities,including regeneration of mineralized tissues in vivo.To examine the efficacy of utilizing these stem cells in regenerating orofacial bone defects,we isolated stem cells from miniature pig deciduous teeth and engrafted the critical-size bone defects generated in swine mandible models.Our results indicated that stem cells from miniature pig deciduous teeth,an autologous and easily accessible stem cell source,were able to engraft and regenerate bone to repair critical-size mandibular defects at 6 months post-surgical reconstruction.This pre-clinical study in a large-animal model,specifically swine,allows for testing of a stem cells/scaffold construct in the restoration of orofacial skeletal defects and provides rapid translation of stem-cell-based therapy in orofacial reconstruction in human clinical trials.