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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of urinary-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators and a key regulator of fibrinolysis.PAI-1 also regulates the function of vascular cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).PAI-1 inhibits VSMC migration by inhibiting plasmin formation and preventing degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and elastic laminae.PAI-1 binds vitronectin (VN), an ECM protein whose PAI-1 binding site overlaps with those on VN for integrin αvβ3 and u-PA receptor (uPAR), cell surface proteins that control VSMC migration.