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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathological process of many diseases.Metal ions are involved in cellular ROS induction and metabolism.Our investigations on the effects of a variety of metal ions on the ROS generation and ROS-mediated oxidative damages suggested that metal ions interfering with Zn, Fe, Ca and PO43-could stimulate cellular ROS formation possibly by affecting the function of mitochondria.On the other side, metal such as lanthanide may also reduce ROS damages through a variety of mechanisms.The mechanism by which metal ions regulate cellular ROS generation and metabolism could enlighten novel applications in research for the therapeutic treatments of ROS related diseases.