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With an understanding of cellular bioenergetics-the processes by which cells produce and consume energy-scientists are connecting genomic and proteomic data to physiologic traits of cells and generating new insights into obesity,diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Before Seahorse bioscience developed the XF technology, it was difficult to measure cellular metabolism, the tools had been unchanged for 50 years.Now we have a technology that can do in a few hours what once took days, Real-time measurements of OCR and ECAR are made by isolating an extremely small volume (less than 7μl) of medium above a monolayer of cells within a microplate.Cellular oxygen consumption (respiration) and proton excretion (glycolysis) causes rapid, easily measurable changes to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and free protons in this "transient microchamber" which are measured every few seconds by solid state sensor probes residing 200 microns above the cell monolayer.The Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer makes cellular bioenergetic studies simple, efcient, and user-friendly.Designed in collaboration with bioenergetics experts in academia, pharma, and biotech, XF Analyzers provide easeof-use and throughput that is far superior to other methods.