滇黔桂农家、异地保护同名水稻地方品种群体内遗传结构的比较

来源 :中国作物学会2015年学术年会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:njcdst
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  农作物遗传资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,也是粮食安全的重要保障。但是,由于新品种的大面积推广,导致品种单一化和遗传多样性丢失严重。为了保护这些珍贵的遗传资源,世界范围内大多通过种质库等异地保存方式保护传统农作物品种资源。然而,异地保存不能保持农作物遗传资源在原有环境中的动态进化过程,丧失了农民选择和管理发生遗传变异的机会,导致遗传多样性的丰富度降低,甚至不能适应新的生态环境和抵抗新产生的病虫害。因此,农民参与的就地保护方式,即农家保护(On-farm conservation)引起相关学者的关注,并认为农家保护不仅保持农作物在原生境下持续进化,更包括了农民的参与选择、民族文化习俗和传统知识对农作物品种资源的保护和利用,有效增加了遗传背景和遗传多样性。我国滇黔桂少数民族地区自然环境条件多样、传统民族文化保存良好,农作物遗传资源相当丰富,很多水稻地方品种具有极强的适应性和突出的品质及用途,一些传统品种至今仍然种植,农民长期有意识或无意识的对这些珍贵的遗传资源进行农家保护,形成了天然的水稻地方品种就地农家区域。
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