Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv.Moneymaker) was transformed with a codA gene, from Arthrobacter globiformis, for choline oxidase that had been modified to allow targeting to both chloroplasts and t
Effectors are molecules secreted by plant pathogens to facilitate infection, often by suppression of plant immune responses.During infection on its hosts, the soil-bome vascular wilt fungus Verticilli
Rice is sensitive to chilling stress, especially at the seedling stage.To elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of chilling tolerance in rice, comprehensive gene expressions of two rice genotypes
Chinese fir is one of the most important commercial tree species in China.Nowadays, frequent seasonal drought has the serious negative effects on Chinese fir production.In this study, under PEG-6000-s
The contents of spermidine (Spd), lactate, alcohol, acetaldehyde and the activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were investigated in se
Physcomitrella patens is an extremely dehydration-tolerant moss.Using quantitative two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with MALDI TOF/TOF MS, a small group of bryopori
We found that 0.5 W m-2 UV-B triggered a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or nitric oxide (NO) levels associated with stomatal closure in wild type, but these effects were abolished in
The formation of root system architecture is greatly dependent on the environmental conditions such as nutrients.Ammonium (NH4+) is an important nitrogen source for higher plants.However, excess NH4+
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity is a significant agricultural problem globally, compromising crop growth and productivity in many areas.However, the molecular mechanisms of NH4+ toxicity are still poorly und
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) are important negative regulators in the MAPK signaling pathways, which play crucial roles in plant growth, regulation of development an