动态硫化共混技术的相态结构形成新认识及结构-性能关系

来源 :泰山学术论坛——先进高分子材料专题暨青岛科技大学第五届先进高分子材料学术研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:qinjiajign1323770
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  动态硫化共混技术,是指将大量橡胶(>60%)与少量热塑性树脂(<40%)机械共混时,橡胶相同时发生化学交联,并被剪切破碎成大量的橡胶微粒,分散在少量呈连续相的热塑性塑料中的加工过程.采用该技术制备的热塑性弹性体(也称热塑性硫化橡胶TPV),可解决传统交联橡胶的回收和再利用问题.关键的科学问题和技术难点:如何在快速的机械共混过程中,同时实现橡塑两相的精细分散、橡胶相的高度交联及剪切破碎、橡塑两相相态反转(即大量橡胶相由连续相转变为分散相,少量塑料相由分散相转变为连续相)这些复杂变化过程?本研究通过吴守恒临界破碎定律理论计算和AFM实验观察,发现乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP) TPV中,前人研究普遍发现的呈分散相的橡胶微米粒子实则为大量的橡胶纳米粒子(40~60nm)聚集形成的团聚体,这与前人研究普遍观点"TPV中交联的橡胶相直接破碎形成橡胶微米粒子"明显不同.提出橡塑两相相态反转归因于橡胶纳米粒子的形成和团聚,达到热力学平衡,而非直接由两相的高粘度比造成.阐明了TPV相态结构的显著影响因素,建立了TPV相态结构与力学性能、弹性性能及加工性能的响应关系.发现了TPV动态硫化过程中的界面结晶现象.开发了制备TPV的新工艺、特殊双螺杆反应器和专用配方成套工业化技术,建成万吨级EPDM/PP TPV工业化生产线.最近,又开发了医用级高阻隔性能的溴化丁基橡胶BIIR/PP TPV中试技术和耐油NBR/PP TPV产业化技术.BIIR/PP TPV通过了美国联邦食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的药物主控文档(DMF)和美国联邦药典最高级别(USP CLASS Ⅵ)的认证,用其生产的医用胶塞制品符合国家食品药品监督管理局有关注射液用卤化丁基胶塞的标准(YBB00042005)的要求.
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