Past, Present and the Future of Physician Assisted Suicide in India

来源 :国际预防自杀协会(IASP)第26届世界大会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:jasonlau999
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  Introduction: The topic of physician assisted suicide is inherently controversial.Only few nations have laws related to this controversial area and in the rest it does not find any mention.Physician assisted suicide was illegal in India till the Supreme Court of India delivered a historic judgement in March 2011.In this paper we have critically evaluated this area through the medical, legal and ethical perspectives Methods: Authors referred to relevant sections of the Constitution of India Article 21 {Protection of life and personal liberty} and Article 47 {Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health}, Indian Penal Code (IPC)-attempted Suicide Section 309 IPC and the recent Supreme Court Judgement of March 2011.The Hippocratic Oath and the core ethical principles were considered while interpreting the possible conflicts.Results: As per the constitution of India Article 21 mentions that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.Article 47 mentions, that the state shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties.Section 309 IPC-Attempted Suicide states that whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for term which may extend to one year [or with fine, or with both].Supreme Court Judgement March 2011 rejected the euthanasia plea of an individual but allowed under exceptional circumstances.Discussion: The health sector is not uniformly regulated, multi disciplinary, with inadequate monitoring of quality control and personnel.The risk of abuse of laws stands in the way of implementing the physician assisted suicide.Safeguards need to be put into place.Assessment of mental capacity of the person who decides to end the life is important.Certain important questions arise like do all physicians are willing to carry out the assisted suicide? Will there be a possibility of designated hospitals and doctors who are willing to assist individuals who want to end their lives? Possibility of development of stigma towards the doctors who assist suicide and hence the doctors may refuse to assist.What if the family members do not agree with the wish of an individual to end his/her life? Approaching the second highest court of the land is an elaborate process.Will only the allopath assist the suicide or practitioners from other disciplines will also be allowed to assist the process of suicide? Is this the beginning of the slippery rope phenomena? There are more questions than answers.
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