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人文精神是人类共同的精神现象,在文学中通过作者自我塑造和社会反映,带有对人与宇宙、自然和社会关系的思考性。本文首先比较中西方文学中人文精神的起源与内涵,然后通过分析作品重点比较人文精神表现的差异性,包括群体性的“仁者爱人”与个体性的自我批判、天人合一与人神对立以及民生与民权等。研究发现,中西方文学中的人文精神不管源起于何时,都关注和思考人本身;人文精神的重点在于思考人本和民本。但是,因为中西方文化基础不同,所以体现在文学中的人文性有差异,如中国文学中的人学更加重视群体性的仁者爱人,而西方则很早就开始兴起自我批判。
Humanistic spirit is the common spiritual phenomenon of mankind. Through his self-shaping and social reflection in literature, the humanistic spirit carries with it the thinking of the relationship between man and the universe, nature and society. This article first compares the origin and connotation of humanistic spirit in Chinese and Western literature, and then compares the manifestations of humanistic spirit through the analysis of works, including the group “benevolent love ” and individual self-criticism, harmony between man and nature God’s opposition and people’s livelihood and civil rights. The study finds that humanistic spirit in both Chinese and Western literature concerns and thinks about human beings regardless of their origins. The focus of humanistic spirit lies in thinking about humanism and the people. However, because of differences in cultural basis between China and the West, there are differences in the humanities embodied in the literature. For example, human studies in Chinese literature place greater emphasis on the benevolent and benevolent people of the group, while the West has long started to raise self-criticism.