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目的：总结儿童呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染的病原学及临床特点。方法：2003年1～6月因急性下呼吸道感染住院的患儿,入院后48h内应用直接免疫荧光法检测鼻咽分泌物中RSV抗原。结果：314例下呼吸道感染患儿中,RSV检测阳性164例,阳性率达52.2％。患儿年龄2～24个月,平均(5.23±3.76)个月,其中6个月以下占70.1％。临床诊断为毛细支气管炎有57.9％,支气管肺炎34.1％,支气管炎仅占8.0％。26.8％RSV感染患儿临床表现为重症,其中3个月以下小婴儿占63.6％。结论：RSV是2岁以下婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原,毛细支气管炎和肺炎患儿感染率明显高于支气管炎患儿；感染高峰在6个月以下,3个月以下小婴儿临床表现多数为重症。
Objective: To summarize the etiology and clinical features of children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Methods: Children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection from January to June in 2003 were enrolled in this study. Direct immunofluorescence was used to detect RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions within 48 hours after admission. Results: Of the 314 children with lower respiratory tract infection, 164 were positive for RSV, the positive rate was 52.2%. Children aged 2 to 24 months, with an average of (5.23 ± 3.76) months, of which less than 6 months accounted for 70.1%. Clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis 57.9%, bronchial pneumonia 34.1%, bronchitis accounted for only 8.0%. 26.8% of children with RSV infection showed severe clinical manifestations, of which 63.6% of infants under 3 months old. Conclusions: RSV is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children younger than 2 years. The prevalence of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants with bronchiolitis is significantly higher than that in children with bronchitis. The peak of infection is less than 6 months and less than 3 months Most performance is severe.