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胚胎植入是生殖过程的重要环节,是影响妊娠的关键。人类胚胎植入是胚胎和母体子宫内膜相互识别、相互容纳并相互作用的过程,在此过程中胚胎和子宫内膜都处于生长发育的动态过程,只有在胚胎发育到胚泡阶段,子宫内膜也增殖分化到可容受状态时才允许胚胎植入,二者的同步性是保证胚胎成功植入的必要条件。这种时间和空间上的“同步性”是通过类固醇激素、细胞因子、黏附分子、免疫细胞网络的共同精细调节实现的,其中类固醇激素充当系统信号,细胞因子参与滋养层及微环境之间的局部联系,整合素等黏附分子参与细胞-细胞及细胞-基质间的联系,免疫细胞参与母胎界面免疫耐受作用的形成。
Embryo implantation is an important part of the reproductive process, is the key to pregnancy. Human embryo implantation is the process of embryo and maternal endometrium mutual recognition, mutual accommodation and interaction, in the process of embryo and endometrium are in the dynamic process of growth and development, only in the embryo to the blastocyst stage, the uterus Membrane also proliferate and differentiate into a tolerable state to allow embryo implantation, the synchronization between the two is necessary to ensure the successful implantation of the embryo. Such temporal and spatial “synchronicity” is achieved through the co-fine regulation of steroid hormones, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and immune cell networks in which steroid hormones act as systemic signals and cytokines are involved in the trophoblast and microenvironment Local connections, integrins and other adhesion molecules involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts, immune cells involved in the formation of immune tolerance to maternal-fetal interface.