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清代官员的满汉复职制度一直都是清前期官制史研究的重点问题,以满人为主导的清代统治阶层,在升迁上为满洲官员创造了便利。他们不仅在制度上享有优先,在行政过程中也有更多机会。但是这一制度在清朝二百余年中一直平稳运行,未曾导致国家治理偏失或官员的集体抵制,说明它有相对的合理性。本文以《品级考》和《铨选则例》中相关条例入手,进一步分析满洲官员在升转中的实际情况,对比汉官升转过程,以考察清前期满洲特色在官制史中的体现。
The officials’ reinstatement system of Manchu and Han dynasties in Qing Dynasty has always been the key issue of the study of the history of the official system in the early Qing Dynasty. Facing the man-dominated dynasty, the ruling class in Qing dynasty promoted the convenience of Manchurian officials during the promotion. Not only do they enjoy priority on the system, they also have more opportunities in the administrative process. However, this system has been running smoothly during the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years and has not led to the omission of state administration or the collective boycott by officials, indicating that it has relative rationality. This article starts with the relevant regulations in the “Grade Test” and “Civil Examples”, further analyzes the actual situation of Manchurian officials during the rise, compares the rise of Han officials, and examines the embodiment of Manchurian characteristics in the official history in the early Qing Dynasty.