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目的探讨安顺市突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征,寻找控制对策。方法对安顺市2006-2010年报告的突发公共卫生事件信息进行分析。结果 2006-2010年安顺市共报告突发公共卫生事件241起,波及164 000人,发病7 337例,死亡18例,罹患率4.47%,死亡率0.01%,病死率0.25%;报告较大级事件4起(均是食物中毒),一般级事件97起,未分级事件140起,罹患率、死亡率、病死率以较大级最高(χ2=552.971、1 739.06、656.99,P<0.005);报告传染病类事件225起6 911例,食物中毒类事件15起423例,环境因素类事件1起3例,罹患率、死亡率及病死率以环境因素类事件最高(χ2=140.163、057.28、171.41,P<0.005);传染病类均是一般级事件及未分级事件,以呼吸道(占89.78%)、消化道(占7.11%)传染病为主;食物中毒类罹患率以植物性食物中毒最高,死亡率以不明食物中毒最高(χ2=146.45、13.43,P<0.005);报告时间以第二季度(占49.79%)、第四季度(占27.80%)为主;8县(区)均有突发公共卫生事件报告,起数及发病数以西秀区最高分别占31.32%、26.96%,罹患率以黄果树区(16.20%)最高(χ2=1788.90,P<0.005);发生场所在学校的204起占84.65%,其次是农村村庄(占8.71%),罹患率以集体食堂最高(8.33%),其次为学校(5.30%)(χ2=821.20,P<0.005)。结论 2006-2010年安顺市报告的突发公共卫生事件以一般级和未分级事件为主,事件分类以传染病类为主,其次是食物中毒类;发生场所主要是学校,其次是农村村庄;发病季节主要在第二季度、第四季度,与学生返校周期相符。应加强学校传染病疫情监测工作,尤其是呼吸道、消化道等易传播传染病,落实传染病“五早”制度,把疫情控制在最小范围;应加强食品安全规范化管理,杜绝食物中毒类突发公共卫生事件的发生。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Anshun City and find control measures. Methods An analysis of public health emergencies reported by Anshun City from 2006 to 2010 was conducted. Results A total of 241 public health emergencies were reported in Anshun City from 2006 to 2010, affecting 164 000 people. There were 7 337 cases and 18 deaths. The attack rate was 4.47%, the mortality rate was 0.01% and the case fatality rate was 0.25% There were 4 events (all food poisoning), 97 events of general level and 140 of unfractionated events. The attack rate, mortality rate and mortality rate were the highest (χ2 = 552.971,1 739.06,656.99, P <0.005). There were 6 911 cases of infectious diseases reported, 423 cases of food poisoning and 15 cases of environmental factors. The incidence, mortality and mortality were the highest among environmental factors (χ2 = 140.163,057.28, 171.41, P <0.005) .Infectious diseases were general-grade events and unfractionated events, with respiratory (accounting for 89.78%) and digestive tract (accounting for 7.11%) as the main infectious diseases. The prevalence of food poisoning was determined by plant food poisoning (Χ2 = 146.45, 13.43, P <0.005). The report time was mainly in the second quarter (49.79%) and the fourth quarter (27.80% There were reports of public health emergencies, with the highest number of occurrences and the number of onset in Xixiu District accounting for 31.32% and 26.96% respectively. The attack rate was highest in Huangguoshu District (16.20%) (χ2 = 17 88.90, P <0.005), 204 (84.65%) occurred in schools, followed by rural villages (8.71%), the highest rate of attack was 8.33% in collective canteens, followed by school (5.30%) (χ2 = 821.20 , P <0.005). Conclusions The public health emergencies reported in Anshun City from 2006 to 2010 are mainly general and unfractionated events, with infectious diseases as the main category of events, followed by food poisoning. The places of occurrence are mainly schools, followed by rural villages. The season of onset mainly in the second quarter, the fourth quarter, consistent with the return of students cycle. We should strengthen the monitoring of epidemic situation of infectious diseases in schools, especially the spread of infectious diseases such as the respiratory tract and digestive tract, implement the “Five Early” system of infectious diseases and control the epidemic to a minimum. Strengthen the standardized management of food safety and eliminate food poisoning Emergencies of public health emergencies.