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①向日葵原产于北美洲,1510年被西班牙殖民者带回欧洲,明万历年间又由传教士传入中国。西方博物学家都注意到向日葵的向日性,明末清初的学者在记载向日葵时,也都特别提及其向日性。可见自古以来“葵”就与“向日”紧密联系在一起。②但是仔细观察过向日葵的人,都难免有一种困惑。比如作家张抗抗写过一篇散文《向日葵》,说她在天山脚下发现一大片背对着太阳的向日葵,在夕阳西下时,“却依然无动于衷,纹丝不动,固执地颔首朝东,只将那一圈圈绿色的蒂盘对着西斜的太阳”。她不由发出一连串的疑问:“那众所周知的向阳花儿,莫非竟是一个弥天大谎吗?”
1 Sunflowers are native to North America and were brought back to Europe by Spanish colonists in 1510. They were introduced to China by missionaries during the Ming dynasty. Western naturalists have noticed the sun-seeking nature of sunflowers. When scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties wrote sunflowers, they also made special reference to their daily life. Visible since ancient times “Kwai” is closely linked with “Sunward ”. 2 But those who carefully observed the sunflowers are inevitably confused. For example, writer Zhang Kangkang wrote an essay “Sunflower”, saying that she found a large sunflower facing away from the sun at the foot of the Tianshan Mountains. When the sun sets, “it is still indifferent, motionless, stubbornly heading east, only A circle of green pedestal faces the west slope of the sun.” She could not help but issue a series of questions: “The well-known sunny flower, is it a big lie?”