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目的通过自制压力模具,观察不同压力和受压时间对小型猪皮肤的影响,为早期皮肤压疮制作适宜的动物模型。方法 5~6个月龄的小型猪4头,雄性,体重35~40 kg。于脊柱两侧旁4 cm处做与身体长轴垂直的长约5 cm的皮肤切口,深达肌层,向切口两侧钝性分离组织,依次放入自制压力可调节模具,每头猪背部8个受压创面,共32个创面,将所有创面随机分到0、5、10、15、20 kg组,其中根据受压时间的不同,0 kg组又分为0 kg/12 h、0 kg/24 h亚组,5 kg组分为5 kg/12 h、5 kg/24 h亚组,10 kg分为10 kg/2 h、10 kg/6 h、10 kg/12 h、10 kg/24 h亚组,15 kg分为15 kg/2 h、15 kg/6 h、15 kg/12 h、15 kg/24 h亚组,20 kg分为20 kg/2 h、20 kg/6 h、20 kg/12 h、20 kg/24 h亚组,共计16个亚组,每亚组2个创面。制作小型猪压疮模型,观察创面大体情况,并于不同受压时间点后取受压组织进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,光镜下对受压部位皮肤组织进行观察。结果除0 kg组去除受压装置后受压皮肤与正常皮肤组织相似,光镜下观察未见异常外,其余组均有不同程度损伤。肉眼观,去除压力模具后,受压组织均存在不同程度红色或发白,皮肤呈现淤血或红斑,其中20 kg组颜色变化最明显;光学显微镜下典型表现为胶原纤维断裂或坏死、脂肪细胞坏死、血管内充血或破裂出血。结论使用该压力装置能够模拟压疮的临床及病理组织学表现,能够成功制作小型猪早期压疮模型。
Objective To observe the effects of different pressure and compression time on the skin of miniature pigs by means of self-made pressure molds, and to make a suitable animal model for early skin pressure ulcers. Methods 4 small pigs 5 to 6 months old, male, weighing 35 to 40 kg. 4 cm at both sides of the spine to do perpendicular to the long axis of the body about 5 cm skin incision, deep muscular layer, blunt dissection of the incision to both sides of the organization, followed by home-made pressure adjustable mold, each pig back 8 wounds and 32 wounds were randomly divided into 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg groups. According to the compression time, 0 kg group was divided into 0 kg / 12 h, 0 kg / 24 h, 5 kg / 12 h and 5 kg / 24 h for 5 kg group, and 10 kg / 2 h, 10 kg / 6 h and 10 kg / / 24 h subgroup, 15 kg divided into 15 kg / 2 h, 15 kg / 6 h, 15 kg / 12 h, 15 kg / 24 h subgroup and 20 kg divided into 20 kg / 2 h and 20 kg / 6 h, 20 kg / 12 h and 20 kg / 24 h subgroups, totaling 16 subgroups with 2 wounds per subgroup. The model of miniature swine pressure ulcer was made and the general condition of the wound was observed. The compressed tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) at different time points after compression, and the skin tissues under compression were observed under light microscope. Results Except the 0 kg group, the compression skin was similar to the normal skin tissue after the compression device was removed, and no abnormalities were observed under the light microscope. The remaining groups had different degrees of damage. The naked eye, the removal of the pressure mold, the pressure of the existence of varying degrees of red or white tissue, the skin showed congestion or erythema, of which 20 kg group the most obvious color changes; typical optical microscopic fracture or necrosis of collagen fibers, fat cell necrosis , Intravascular congestion or rupture of bleeding. Conclusion The pressure device can simulate the clinical and histopathological manifestations of pressure ulcers and can successfully produce miniature early pressure ulcer models.