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采用室内实验分析与野外试验监测相结合的方法 ,对研究区不同保护性耕作措施下坡耕地土壤含水量、水土流失量、养分含量及作物产量进行了分析,研究了保护性耕作对黑土区坡耕地水土流失防治效应的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照处理相比较,留茬、轮作及秸秆覆盖措施处理产流次数分别减少3次、5次和6次,年径流量分别降低15.6%、29.9%和46.9%;(2)在拔节期、开花期及收获期,不同土层土壤含水量的大小为秸秆覆盖>轮作>留茬>对照;(3)与对照处理相比,留茬、轮作及秸秆覆盖措施处理产泥沙次数分别减少4次、5次和6次,年产生泥沙量分别减少94.4%、95.5%和97.7%;(4)与对照处理相比,保护性耕作措施对土壤有机质、全氮及全钾含量产生的影响作用大于对全磷的影响,轮作方式对土壤有机质和全氮含量增加促进作用最强,效果最佳;(5)对照小区相比,留茬、轮作及秸秆覆盖措施处理玉米作物产量分别提高5.03%,8.39%和9.48%。
The soil moisture content, soil erosion, nutrient content and crop yield of different cultivated tillage measures in the study area were analyzed by indoor experimental analysis and field experiment monitoring. The effects of conservation tillage on the slope of black soil area Effect of Cultivated Soil and Water Loss Prevention and Control. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control, the annual runoff decreased 15.6%, 29.9% and 46.9% respectively by 3, 5 and 6 times of stubble, rotation and straw mulching; 2) At the jointing stage, flowering stage and harvesting stage, the soil moisture content in different soil layers was straw mulching> rotation> stubble> control; (3) Compared with the control treatment, the stubble, rotation and straw mulching treatments (4) Compared with the control, the conservation tillage measures had no significant effect on the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total nitrogen The effect of total potassium content was greater than that of total phosphorus. The rotation mode had the strongest effect on the increase of soil organic matter and total nitrogen content, and the effect was the best. (5) Compared with the control plot, stubble, crop rotation and straw mulching Corn crop yields increased by 5.03%, 8.39% and 9.48% respectively.