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1958年,全国人大常委会通过并公布了《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》,使户口登记有了全国统一完整的法律依据,城乡二元户籍制度确立。城乡二元户籍制度有其深刻的政治、经济背景。“一五”时期所建立的重工业为主的国家工业体系,内在的具有“资本排斥劳动”的机制,国家不得不将农民固定在农业生产之中,限制农民进入城市。城乡分离的“二元经济模式”从此根深蒂固,直到改革开放后,户籍制度才逐渐有所松动。
In 1958, the NPC Standing Committee adopted and promulgated the “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Registration of Hukou,” so that the registration of Hukou has a unified and complete legal basis for the establishment of a dual household registration system in urban and rural areas. Urban and rural dual household registration system has its profound political and economic background. The state-owned industrial system dominated by heavy industry during the period of the First Five-Year Plan contains an inherent “labor-for-capital” mechanism. The state has to fix peasants in agricultural production and restrict peasants to cities. Since the reform and opening up, the household registration system has gradually loosened since the “dual economic model” separated from urban and rural areas.