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【目的】新疆的葡萄产区具有典型的地理区域分布特点,不同区域葡萄的主要病虫害种类和发生规律不同。通过研究葡萄主要病虫害的发生规律,提出新疆葡萄病虫害区域化的绿色防控关键技术。【方法】通过五点取样法,对病虫害进行分级和定点定株调查。【结果】北疆地区葡萄以霜霉病为害为主,6~7月为病害初发期,8月为发病高峰期;哈密地区以葡萄白粉病及穗轴褐枯病为主,葡萄白粉病发病初期为6月下旬~7月初,发病高峰期为7月下旬~8月中旬;穗轴褐枯病发病初期为5月上旬~下旬,发病高峰期为5月下旬~6月中旬。吐鲁番地区则以葡萄斑叶蝉为主,为害自每年4月初~10月,5和8月发生量最大,是葡萄斑叶蝉发生的盛期。【结论】在葡萄病虫害治理的多项科研成果基础上,结合新技术、新农药的应用,提出以农业栽培管理措施和物理机械防治为基础,环境友好农药早期防控技术为辅助措施的新疆葡萄重大病虫害绿色防控技术,为新疆葡萄绿色食品生产提供技术支撑。
【Objective】 The grape producing areas in Xinjiang have typical geographical distribution, and the main pests and diseases in different regions are different. Through the study of the occurrence of the main pests and diseases of grapes, the paper puts forward the key technologies of green prevention and control for the regionalization of grape diseases and pests in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Pest and disease were classified and fixed-point confirmed by five-point sampling method. 【Result】 The results showed that the grapes in North Xinjiang were dominated by downy mildew, and the disease onset occurred from June to July and peaked in August. The glumey mildew and cob rot in Hami were dominant, Early onset of early June to early July, the peak incidence of late July ~ mid-August; early onset of rotundity brown rot disease early May to late, the peak incidence of late May to mid-June. Turpan region is dominated by grape leafhoppers, pests from early April to October each year, occurred in May and August, is the peak occurrence of grape leafhoppers. 【Conclusion】 On the basis of a number of achievements in grape diseases and insect pests control, combined with the application of new technologies and new pesticides, Xinjiang grape, which is based on agricultural cultivation management measures and physical and mechanical control, and early prevention and control of environment-friendly pesticides, Major pest and disease prevention and control technology for green grape production in Xinjiang to provide technical support.