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目的对住院新生儿的临床特征进行分析,为新生儿的疾病防控提供参考和依据。方法回顾性调查并收集2013年1月-2015年12月在该院入住的新生儿临床资料,并按2013、2014及2015年3个时间段,对新生儿的基本资料、原发疾病类型、临床结局等指标进行统计分析。结果三年入住NICU新生儿2 830例,平均出生体重为(2.75±0.72)kg,平均胎龄为(33.45±6.29)周,原发疾病所占比例最高的前3位依次为新生儿黄疸845例,占29.86%;新生儿窒息792例,占27.99%;新生儿肺炎508例,占17.95%。治愈或好转出院2 293例,占81.02%;经治疗无效而死亡95例,占3.36%;自动出院(转院或放弃治疗)442例,占15.62%。三年住院新生儿中早产儿所占比例逐年增加,巨大儿所占比例逐年增加,新生儿黄疸、新生儿肺炎、新生儿贫血及先天性心脏病在住院新生儿中所占比例逐年上升,新生儿窒息所占比例逐年下降(P<0.05)。住院新生儿治愈/好转率提高,死亡率下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早产儿和巨大儿的发生率逐年上升,住院新生儿以新生儿黄疸、新生儿窒息和新生儿肺炎为主,为降低新生儿死亡率,医护工作者应加强孕期保健指导,帮助孕妇养成规律产检的习惯及良好的生活习惯,从而在一定程度上改善早产儿的临床结局。
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hospitalized newborns and provide references and evidences for the prevention and control of neonatal diseases. Methods The clinical data of newborns admitted to the hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to the three time periods of 2013, 2014 and 2015, the basic data of neonates, the types of primary diseases, Clinical outcome and other indicators for statistical analysis. Results There were 2,830 newborns in NICU in three years. The average birth weight was (2.75 ± 0.72) kg and the average gestational age was (33.45 ± 6.29) weeks. The top three primary diseases were neonatal jaundice 845 Cases, accounting for 29.86%; neonatal asphyxia 792 cases, accounting for 27.99%; neonatal pneumonia in 508 cases, accounting for 17.95%. Cured or better discharged 2 293 cases, accounting for 81.02%; 95 cases died of treatment ineffective, accounting for 3.36%; 442 cases were discharged automatically (transfer or abandon treatment), accounting for 15.62%. The proportion of premature infants who have been in hospital for three years has been increasing year by year, the proportion of huge children has been increasing year by year, and the proportion of neonatal jaundice, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal anemia and congenital heart disease in hospitalized newborns has been increasing year by year. The proportion of children with asphyxia decreased year by year (P <0.05). Hospitalized newborn cure / improvement rate increased, mortality decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of preterm infants and giant infants is increasing year by year. In-hospital neonates are mainly neonatal jaundice, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal pneumonia. In order to reduce the neonatal mortality rate, health care workers should strengthen the guidance during pregnancy to help pregnant women develop Regular birth control habits and good habits, which to some extent, improve the clinical outcome of preterm children.