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对小麦幼苗分别进行缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理10～30d,研究大量元素缺乏对小麦叶片呼吸作用、光合活性和生理参数的影响。大量元素缺乏导致小麦叶片H_2O_2、丙二醛含量上升,含水量下降,抗氰呼吸被明显诱导。缺氮和缺磷还导致净光合速率(Pn)、PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、PSⅡ原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光适应下PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)下降。缺钾只导致NPQ下降,其它光合参数变化不大。通过对以上生理变化的分析,可以看出大量元素缺乏对植物体造成了显著的影响,但损伤机理各不相同。缺氮主要影响蛋白质合成,缺磷影响能量代谢,缺钾则主要影响膜脂透性,其中缺钾的影响在30d内相对较小。同时对大量元素缺乏下小麦叶片光合和呼吸作用变化的原因进行了探讨。
Wheat seedlings were treated with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficient for 10 ~ 30 days respectively, and the effects of a large amount of element deficiency on respiration, photosynthesis and physiological parameters of wheat leaves were studied. Lack of a large number of elements led to the wheat leaves H_2O_2, MDA content increased, water content decreased, cyanide respiration was significantly induced. Nitrogen deficiency and phosphorus deficiency also led to the increase of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), PS Ⅱ photosynthetic electron transfer quantum efficiency (Φ_ (PSⅡ)), PSⅡ primary photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm), PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv ’/ Fm’ ) And non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) decreased. Potassium deficiency only led to NPQ decline, other photosynthetic parameters changed little. Through the above analysis of physiological changes, we can see that the lack of a large number of elements on the plant had a significant impact, but the damage mechanism varies. Nitrogen deficiency mainly affects protein synthesis, phosphorus deficiency affects energy metabolism, potassium deficiency mainly affects membrane lipid permeability, and the effect of potassium deficiency is relatively small within 30 days. At the same time, the reasons for the change of photosynthesis and respiration of wheat leaves under the deficiency of a large amount of elements were discussed.