论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨北京市海淀区0~3岁儿童气质特点和分布类型,为改善儿童心理行为问题提供理论依据。方法:采取随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市海淀区851名0~3岁儿童为研究对象,应用6~11个月婴儿气质量表、1~3岁儿童气质量表进行气质测查和基本情况调查。结果:①851例0~3岁儿童的气质类型为易养型占43.24%,中间偏易养型占37.6%,启动缓慢型占3.76%,中间偏难养型占4.47%,难养型占10.93%。②男童与女童相比难养型的比例明显升高(P<0.05),高年龄组儿童易养型的比例明显高于低年龄组(P<0.05)。③男女童在活动水平、趋避性、表达强度、反应域等气质维度上差异有统计学意义。结论:北京市海淀区0~3岁儿童的主要气质类型是平易型,部分气质维度在不同性别和年龄间存在差异。
Objective: To explore the temperament characteristics and distribution types of children aged 0 ~ 3 in Haidian District, Beijing, and to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of children ’s psychological behavior. Methods: A total of 851 children aged 0 ~ 3 years from Haidian District, Beijing were selected as subjects for random sampling. The quality of life questionnaire and the basic situation of children aged 6 ~ 11 months survey. Results: ①851 children aged 0-3 years had 43.24% of temperament types, 37.6% of middle-easterly types, 3.76% of the slow-onset types, 4.47% of the middle-aged models and 10.93 of the difficult-to-support models %. ② The proportion of children with difficult-to-treat children was significantly higher than that of girls (P <0.05). The proportion of children with high-age children was significantly higher than that of the younger children (P <0.05). ③ The boys and girls had statistically significant differences in their temperament dimensions such as activity level, avoidance, expression intensity and reaction area. Conclusion: The main temperament types of 0-3 years old children in Haidian District, Beijing are plain type, and some temperament dimensions have different gender and age.