除了亚历山大东征外,古代中国与希腊一罗马世界的交流,主要有三个繁荣阶段:两汉与罗马帝国时期、隋唐帝国和拜占庭帝国时期以及蒙古帝国时期。~①因此研究中古时代的中西关系,必须重视中国与拜占庭帝国的联系。拜占庭帝国(即东罗马帝国)脱胎于4世纪上半叶的罗马帝国,于5世纪末6世纪初走向强盛。 In addition to Alexander the Great, the exchanges between ancient China and the Greek-Roman world consisted mainly of three stages of prosperity: the Han and Roman Empires, the imperial and Byzantine Empires of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Mongol Empire. Therefore, to study the relationship between China and the West in ancient times, we must attach importance to the connection between China and the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire (that is, the Eastern Roman Empire) born in the first half of the 4th century, the Roman Empire, in the late 5th century to 6th century strong.