东方马脑炎（EEE）是由吸血昆虫传播的急性病毒性疾病，主要侵犯中枢神经系统，临床表现为高热和中枢神经系统症状，病死率高，存活者残留严重的后遗症。1990年新疆地方病防治研究所疫调队从博乐地区采集的一组全沟硬碑中分离到一株病毒，经鉴定为东方马脑炎病毒（以下简称东马 Oriental equine encephalitis (EEE) is an acute viral disease transmitted by blood-sucking insects and mainly affects the central nervous system. Its clinical manifestations include high fever and central nervous system symptoms, high case fatality rate and serious residual sequelae of survivors. In 1990, Xinjiang Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Epidemic Prevention team from Bole region collected from a group of all the hard steles isolated a virus identified by the East equine encephalitis virus (hereinafter referred to as East Malaysia