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现代学术界通常将《明儒学案》判定为学术史著作,但是这一定位与《明儒学案》的著述本意及其性质存在较大偏差。书内《发凡》及两篇《序》中的“宗传”和“道统”意象,集中体现了黄宗羲对此书的定位。“宗传”意象展现了《明儒学案》背后的明代社会思想史背景及其政教含义,“道统”意象则说明了《明儒学案》中的政教如何奠定意义与发挥作用。由此可知,《明儒学案》是一部通过把各家学术统合为一个价值整体来表述理学家对政教秩序之寄托的理学之书,而其著述本意是希冀后人由此开创政教新局面。
Modern academia usually defines “Ming-ru Case” as a book of academic history, but this position deviates from the original intention and nature of the Ming-ju Case. The book “Fa Fan” and the two “prefaces” of the “Zong Zhuan” and “Taoist ” image, embodies Huang Zongxi’s positioning of this book. The image of “zong sheng” shows the historical background of social ideology and its connotation of politics behind Ming dynasty case, and the image of “unification” shows the significance and function of zheng xiao in Ming dynasty case. From this we can see that “Ming Confucian Case” is a book of reasoning that Neo-Confucianism placed on the order of the state and church by combining academic studies as a whole, and its original intention is to hope that future generations will create a new situation of politics and religion .