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本试验重点研究了长期定位施用化学氮肥、耕作措施、秸秆还田以及施用化学除草剂对土壤质量的影响。结果表明,施用化学氮肥主要影响土壤速效氮含量;粉碎以后结合耕作秸秆还田或者粉碎以后覆盖还田对土壤质量改善明显,整秸秆覆盖还田以及免耕条件下还田效果不明显;常规的深浅轮耕耕作可以增加土壤速效氮的含量,但是也促进了土壤有机质的矿化分解,使土壤有机质含量降低。浅耕、少耕和免耕土壤无机氮含量相对于深浅的耕明显降低,但土壤有机质含量与深浅轮耕相山则明显提高。施用除草剂使土壤有机质含量和土壤pH降低,但是增加了土壤速效养分含量。
The experiment focused on the long-term positioning of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, tillage practices, straw and the application of chemical herbicides on soil quality. The results showed that application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer mainly affected available nitrogen content in soil. After returning to the field after combining with tillage straw or returning to field, the improvement of soil quality was obvious. The effect of returning whole straw to soil and no-till condition was not obvious. Conventional Shallow and tillage tillage can increase the content of available N in soil, but also promote the mineralization and decomposition of soil organic matter and decrease the content of soil organic matter. The contents of inorganic nitrogen in shallow tillage, low tillage and no tillage decreased obviously compared with the shallow tillage, but the soil organic matter content and deep tillage and rotation phase increased obviously. Herbicide application decreased soil organic matter content and soil pH, but increased soil available nutrient content.