从业人数达700万以上的公务员队伍,是一个庞大的职业精英群体。由于执掌公共权力,承担公共政策制定和执行责任,这一群体的素质构成、成长能力及创新动力对国家治理成效关系重大,而决定其职业发展、升迁流动,进而影响工作动力的制度安排尤其关键。当下,对公务员管理制度的诟病颇多。外部公众批评多聚焦于泛政治化倾向严重,专业管理能力不足;唯“官本位”是瞻,能上不能下,能进不能出,缺乏竞争激励;责任伦理观念薄弱,作风松散、工作慵懒甚至腐败蜕变等现象。公务员的抱怨则指向评价缺乏公平、薪酬水平偏低、升迁管道狭窄、发展机会稀少、职业前景迷茫等问题。中共十八届三中全会后,中央密集的反腐攻势,官员 The number of civil servants with more than 7 million employees is a huge group of professional elites. Due to the public authority and public policy formulation and implementation responsibility, the quality constitution, growth ability and innovation power of this group are of great importance to the effectiveness of state governance. The institutional arrangements that determine their career development, mobility and thus the work motivation are particularly crucial . At present, many criticisms of the civil service management system. External public criticism mostly focuses on the tendency of pan-politicization and the lack of professional management ability. Only “official-oriented” can look forward, can not go on, can not go out and lack of competitive incentives; the concept of responsible ethics is weak, the style is loose, the work is loose Lazy or even decay of corruption and other phenomena. Complaints about civil servants point to the problems of lack of fairness in evaluation, low pay levels, narrow pipeline for promotion, scarce development opportunities and confusion in career prospects. After the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Central Government intensified its anti-corruption campaign and officials