中韩两国的传统史学有着某些相似的起源和发展过程,而且都在近代发生了激变。中韩两国的近代史学以各自传统史学的内在力量作为基础,强烈地反映着对应于激变的近代状况的现实认识。中国在鸦片战争以后经历了洋务运动、戊戌变法运动、辛亥革命、五四运动、社会主义革命,通过各种“变局论”深化了现实认识。中国近代改革运动、革命运动的交替发展,使近代史学的各类流派和分期的成立成为可能。尽管韩国没有经历过如辛亥革命的政治革命和五四运动等新文化运动,但在19世纪中叶以后,为了克服对外的矛盾和危机发展了卫正斥邪思想、开化思想、东学思想。随着1910年被日本帝国主义占领,摆脱殖民统治、争取独立和自由成为所有力量的奋斗目标。在这一过程中,形成了反抗日本帝国主义的强烈的、爱国的民族主义性格,这是近代史学最为重要的基本的特征。 The traditional historiography of China and South Korea have some similar origins and development processes, and both have undergone radical changes in recent years. The modern history of China and South Korea is based on the inherent strength of their respective traditional histories and strongly reflects the reality that corresponds to the modern state of radicalization. After the Opium War, China experienced the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, the Revolution of 1911, the May 4th Movement and the Socialist Revolution, deepening the understanding of reality through various “changes in the situation”. The alternating development of the modern Chinese reform and revolutionary movements made it possible to establish all types of schools and stages of modern history. Although South Korea did not experience the new cultural movement such as the Revolution of 1911 and the May 4th Movement, it developed anti-evil and Kai-shui ideas and East-school thought in the mid-19th century in order to overcome external conflicts and crises. As Japan was occupied by Japanese imperialism in 1910, getting rid of colonial rule and fighting for independence and freedom were the goals of all forces. In this process, a strong, patriotic and nationalistic character that opposed Japanese imperialism was formed, which is the most important basic feature of modern history.