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目的:评价益生菌对CPB老年大鼠围手术期认知功能障碍（perioperative neurocognitive disorders, PND）的影响。方法:清洁级老年雄性SD大鼠48只，体重400~450 g，按随机数字表法分为4组（每组12只）：假手术组（S组）、益生菌+假手术组（P组）、CPB组（C组）和益生菌+CPB组（H组）。各组又分为术后7 d和术后28 d两个亚组，每组6只。各组大鼠于术后7 d和术后28 d行水迷宫测试后，麻醉下处死大鼠，取右侧海马组织。H-E染色光镜下观察海马组织病理学变化，Western blot检测脑组织中PND相关蛋白β-淀粉样蛋白（amyloid β-protein, Aβ）及Tau蛋白的变化。结果:与S组比较（同时点亚组比较，下同）：P组术后7 d和术后28 d的平均潜伏期明显缩短，总路程延长，穿越平台次数增加，停留时间也延长（n P<0.05）；C组、H组在术后7 d和术后28 d的平均潜伏期均明显延长，总路程缩短，穿越平台次数减少，停留时间也缩短（n P<0.05）。与P组比较，C组和H组术后7 d和术后28 d的平均潜伏期明显延长，总路程缩短，穿越平台次数减少，停留时间也缩短（n P<0.05）。与C组比较，H组术后7 d和术后28 d的平均潜伏期明显缩短，总路程延长，穿越平台次数增加，停留时间也延长（n P<0.05）。H-E染色显示S组和P组大鼠术后7 d和28 d海马CA1区未见明显神经元受损，C组大鼠术后7 d和28 d海马CA1区神经元变性明显，H组大鼠术后7 d和28 d海马CA1区受损较C组减轻。与S组比较，P组大鼠术后7 d和术后28 d海马Aβ和Tau蛋白表达均明显降低（n P<0.05），C组、H组大鼠术后7 d和术后28 d海马Aβ和Tau蛋白表达均明显升高（n P<0.05）。与C组比较，H组大鼠术后7 d和术后28 d海马Aβ和Tau蛋白表达明显降低（n P<0.05）。n 结论:益生菌可降低Aβ及Tau蛋白的表达，从而改善CPB老年大鼠PND。“,”Objective:To observe the effects of probiotics on the perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) of elderly rats with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods:A total of 48 adult male SD rats (SPF grade), weighing 400-450 g were used. According to the random number table method, they were divided into four groups (n n=12): a sham operation (group S), a probiotics+sham operation (group P), a CPB surgery (group C), and a probiotics+CPB (group H). Furthermore, each group was divided into two subgroups (n n=6): a 7-day group and a 28-day group. The water maze test was performed for each group 7 days and 28 days after surgery. The rats were sacrificed under anesthesia and the right hippocampus was collected. The histological changes of hippocampal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining. The changes of PND-associated proteins amyloid β (Aβ) protein and Tau protein in brain tissues were detected by Western blot.n Results:Compared with group S (compared with the subgroup at the same time, the same below), group P presented remarkably shortened average latency, extended total distance, and increases in the number of platform crossing and the amount of time spent in each quadrant 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05); groups C and H presented remarkably extended average latency, reduced total distance, and decreases in the number of platform crossing and the amount of time spent in each quadrant 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05). Compared with group P, groups C and H showed extended average latency, reduced total distance, and decreases in the number of platform crossing and the amount of time spent in each quadrant 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05). Compared with group C, group H showed shortened average latency, extended total distance, and increases in the number of platform crossing and the amount of time spent in each quadrant 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05). According to H-E staining, there was no obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in group S and group P 7 days and 28 days after surgery; the degenerative changes of neurons were obvious in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in group C 7 days and 28 days after surgery; and the damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in group H was relieved compared with that in group C 7 days and 28 days after surgery. Moreover, compared with the group S, the expression of Aβ and Tau proteins significantly decreased in group P 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05), while the expression of Aβ and Tau proteins significantly increased in group H and group C 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05). Compared with group C, the expression of Aβ and Tau proteins significantly decreased in group H 7 days and 28 days after surgery (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:Probiotics can decrease the expression of Aβ and Tau proteins, so as to improve the PND of elderly rats with CPB.