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请求权概念长期扮演着一个非常重要的角色。如何定义请求权的内涵与外延?请求权是否能简单定义为“要求他人行为或不行为之权利”?笔者将民事权利分为“动态权利”和“静态权利”两个层面的权利。债权不是请求权,债权概念甚至与请求权在权利系谱上毫不相干。请求权是静态权利(物权、债权、人身权、知识产权)的衍生权利,与形成权、支配权、抗辩权相对,均是静态权利发挥作用的结果,是静态权利的保障,它不得脱离于静态权利而转让他人。请求权是诉权的原因,但它是实体权利而非程序上的权利。
The concept of claim has long played a very important role. How to define the connotation and extension of the claim? Whether the claim can be simply defined as “the right to require others to act or inaction”? The author divides civil rights into two levels: “dynamic right” and “static right” s right. Debt is not a claim, and the concept of debt is not even related to the claim at all. The right of claim is a derivative right of static right (property right, creditor’s right, personal right, intellectual property), which is the result of the function of static right as opposed to the right of formation, control and defense. It is the guarantee of static right and it must not be divorced from Static rights transfer others. The claim is the cause of action, but it is an entity’s right rather than a procedural right.