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[目的] 探讨尿毒症维持性透析(MHD)致骨质疏松患者补钙治疗效果不佳的影响因素.[方法] 136例MHD致骨质疏松患者,根据其补钙治疗效果分为优良组(n=84)和不佳组(n=52).比较两组一般资料差异,分析影响MHD致骨质疏松患者补钙效果不佳的相关因素.[结果] 两组受试者体质量指数(BMI)水平、合并高脂血症和高血压症情况、补钙前骨密度T值检测结果等相比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);优良组年龄、女性比例、合并糖尿病率、MHD时间、治疗期间存在不良生活习惯(吸烟、酗酒、熬夜)比例均显著低于不佳组,每日步行运动量则显著高于不佳组,且差异均有显著性(P均<0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄、性别、合并糖尿病、MHD时间、每日步行运动量、治疗期间吸烟、酗酒、熬夜等是影响MHD致骨质疏松患者补钙效果的相关因素(P0.05).The proportions of age, gender (female), diabetes rate, MHD time, and unhealthy living habits (smoking, drinking, staying up overnight) during the treatment in the excellent group were significantly lower than those in the poor group, while daily walking distance and time was significantly more than that of the poor group (P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, diabetes, MHD time, daily walking habits, smoking, drinking, and staying up late were the related factors influencing the effect of calcium supplementary treatment in patients with MHD-induced osteoporosis (P<0.05).[Conclusion]Age, being female, diabetes, MHD time, smoking, drinking and staying up late during the treatment are the independent risk factors influencing the effect of calcium supplementary treatment in patients with MHD-induced osteoporosis, while daily exercise is the protective factor.