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纵观80年代的文化界,有一个最大的转变就是知识分子对农民态度的转变,这又与思想界对“文化大革命”的反思乃至对近代以来的革命的反思联系在一起。人们在将“文革”的根源诊断为封建主义的同时,也将共产党领导的革命与历史上屡见不鲜的农民造反等同起来,认为若不从启蒙主义的角度重新认识农民乃至改造农民,中国就永远走不出历史的循环。这样的思潮表现在文学创作上,就是前面提到的对农民“本质”的重新塑造。本文通过对《桑树坪纪事》和《拂晓前的葬礼》等知青小说的重新解读,试图指出,知青作家的乡村体验与情感记忆,使得他们对农民形象的重新塑造,在一定程度上不同于80年代中后期启蒙知识分子对农民形象的重新塑造,而且恰恰是知青文学在保留创作者的“知青”身份,并带入自己在农村的情感记忆与具体体验时,才给我们在观察当代中国人的精神变迁时留下了可贵的文化资源。
Looking at the cultural circles of the 1980s, one of the biggest changes is the change in the attitude of the intellectuals to the peasants. This in turn is linked with the reflections of the intellectual circles on the “Cultural Revolution” and even the reflection on the revolution in the modern history. While diagnosing the root cause of the “Cultural Revolution” as feudalism, people also equate the communist-led revolution with the perennial peasants’ rebellion in history. They think that if China does not reconsider peasants and even peasants in the light of Enlightenment, Never go out of history cycle. Such a trend of thought manifested in literary creation is the above-mentioned reformulation of peasants “essence ”. This paper tries to point out that the experience and emotion memory of the educated youth writers remodel the peasant image to a certain extent different from the rereading of the novels of the “Sushushup Chronicle” and “the funeral before dawn” Enlightenment intellectuals in the mid and late re-shaping of the peasant image, and it is precisely the educated youth literature to retain the creator “educated youth ” identity and bring their emotional memory in the countryside and the specific experience, give us the observation of contemporary Chinese people’s spiritual changes left valuable cultural resources.