研究电子发射的人们,最近对于热电子发射与冷电子发射这两个领域,好象又在日益关心起来。前者是因为当作热电子发电器的基本原理(热电子发电器是直接发电的一种有效方式)提出了新的问题,后者是因为实用呼声日益高涨的冷阴极真空管在研制上突然有了发展,所以分别受到了人们的重视。热电子发电器的创制工作,正在踏实前进,在某些领域,或许已经达到了实用阶段。有关这方面的动态,已在另文~(1)中有过介绍,故请迳自参照。冷电子放射阴极,目前已知者有氧化镁阴极,场致发射阴极,P-N接合阴极,与隧道阴极等几种。这里所要介绍的,主要是应用范围广大,而最富有实用价值的场致发射阴极,对于P-N接合阴极和隧道阴极只作简单的解说。氧化镁冷阴极的研究,日本亦颇致力~((2)(3)),关于该种阴极的动态,亦已有过介绍,恕不重复,现在只简括地说一说,它截止到目前被发现的各种性质。此外,全面解说冷阴极的,还有纳贺氏最近发表的文章~(5),也可参照一读。 People who study electron emission have recently become increasingly concerned with the two areas of hot electron emission and cold electron emission. The former is due to new problems as a basic principle of a thermionic generator (an effective way that a thermoelectric generator generates electricity directly), which is due to the sudden rise of practical cold cathode vacuum tubes in development Development, so have received the people’s attention. The creation of thermoelectronic generators is moving forward, and in some areas it may have reached a practical stage. The dynamic in this respect has been introduced in another article (1), so please refer to it. Cold cathode radiation cathode, currently known as magnesium oxide cathode, field emission cathode, P-N cathode junction, and the tunnel cathode and several other. The main purpose here is to use a wide range of applications, and the most practical field-emission cathode for P-N junction cathode and tunnel cathode only for a brief explanation. Magnesium oxide cold cathode research, Japan is also quite ~ ((2) (3)), on the kind of cathode dynamics, has also been introduced, without duplication, and now only to put it in a nutshell, until now Various properties found. In addition, a comprehensive explanation of cold cathode, as well as Najas recently published article ~ (5), can also refer to the first reading.